Breast milk is packed with nutrients that protect your baby, but did you know that the composition of breast milk varies over time?

Colostrum is formed during the latter part of pregnancy and is the first composition of breast milk that is produced. This takes place during the first days after childbirth. Colostrum is a transparent, yellowish colour due to the high content of beta-carotene (the same substance that gives carrots their colour). Colostrum contains less sugar and fat than mature milk, but more protein and vitamins A and K. It is easily digestible for the newborn baby’s stomach and is easily absorbed. Colostrum is rich in immunoglobulins and milk bacteria, which help the immune system and protect the baby against certain infections. Colostrum stimulates the passage of the meconium (the baby’s first poo, which is black and tough in texture) through the baby’s gut.

Transitional milk is the milk that is produced while colostrum is developing into mature milk, and usually occurs a few days to a couple of weeks after childbirth.

Mature milk is fully developed approximately three to four weeks after birth. It contains higher levels of fat and lactose compared to colostrum. Although mature milk does not contain as much immunoglobulins, the baby receives significant protection against infections that lasts as long as they are breastfed. The fat composition of breast milk is affected by the mother’s diet.